research-article

The Coerciveness of the Primary Key: Infrastructure Problems in Human Services Work

Authors:

Lehn M. Benjamin,

Amy VoidaAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 3, Issue CSCW

Article No.: 51, Pages 1 - 26

https://doi.org/10.1145/3359153

Published: 07 November 2019 Publication History

Abstract

The premise of a primary key is simple enough: every record or row in a table should have some number or string that can uniquely identify it. Primary keys are essential for linking data spread across database tables, and for looking up and retrieving data from specific records. Yet for an identifier that seems so straightforward and uncontroversial, we find myriad ways that this unassuming bit of infrastructure has an outsized influence in human services work. Through case studies of the organizational networks of two nonprofit human services organizations, we find that different stakeholders use variants of identifiers to support work practices that are far more complex and social than the linking of tables or the lookup of data. Yet we also find that the low-level technical properties of the primary key are often coercive, forcing end-users to work on the infrastructure's terms-influencing the nature and order of the work, creating new forms of work, and influencing the tenor of the relationships among stakeholders. The technical abstractions of the underlying infrastructure, then, start to become the de facto public policy. We conclude by offering design provocations for better supporting identification across a variety of contexts.

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Index Terms

The Coerciveness of the Primary Key: Infrastructure Problems in Human Services Work
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 3, Issue CSCW

November 2019

5026 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3371885

Editors:
Airi Lampinen
Stockholm University, Sweden
,
Darren Gergle
Northwestern University, USA
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David A. Shamma
FXPAL, USA

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Published: 07 November 2019

Published in PACMHCI Volume 3, Issue CSCW

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Tracey PGarcia P(2024)Intermediation: Algorithmic Prioritization in Practice in Homeless ServicesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36869518:CSCW2(1-24)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3686951
Thomer ARayburn A(2023)“A Patchwork of Data Systems”: Quilting as an Analytic Lens and Stabilizing Practice for Knowledge InfrastructuresScience, Technology, & Human Values10.1177/01622439231175535(016224392311755)Online publication date: 25-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439231175535
Adnin RHaque IAfroz SIshmam ASarkar SKhan MMimi AChellappan SAl Islam A(2023)Focusing on the Unfocused: Corresponding Perspectives on Connectivity among Small-scale Non-profit Organizations Working for Street Children in Bangladesh and Their DonorsACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/36051501:1(1-29)Online publication date: 22-Sep-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3605150
Bopp CVoida A(2023)"Showing the Context": A Need for Oligopticonic Information Systems in Homelessness MeasurementProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35796227:CSCW1(1-24)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2023
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Tracey PGarcia PPunzalan R(2023)Recordkeeping, logistics, and translation: a study of homeless services systems as infrastructureArchival Science10.1007/s10502-023-09410-023:3(327-353)Online publication date: 3-Feb-2023
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