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25 states aren鈥檛 expected to ban abortion if the Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade. But limits on abortion in these places, too, make it an uncertain refuge for people seeking abortions elsewhere

Liberal policymakers are quickly positioning their states as abortion havens after听听of a U.S. Supreme Court opinion indicating that the court could overturn Roe v. Wade was made public on the evening of May 2, 2022.

Less than an hour after the leak was made public, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced a new state amendment that would legally protect the right to abortion.

鈥淲e can鈥檛 trust SCOTUS,鈥� Newsom听, using shorthand for the Supreme Court, 鈥渢o protect the right to abortion, so we鈥檒l do it ourselves. Women will remain protected here.鈥�

New York, Connecticut, Oregon and five other states have also proposed or passed new measures听听that protect the right to an abortion.

If the landmark 1973 court ruling Roe v. Wade is overturned, abortion would no longer be a protected federal right, and states could individually ban or permit abortion.

However, as听听飞丑辞听听补苍诲听听policies affect people鈥檚 lives, we think it is important to understand that people from states that could ban abortion may not be able to easily get an abortion in more liberal places.

Abortion laws in liberal states

Thirteen states听听abortion if the Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade.

But in some of the 25 states that aren鈥檛 expected to ban abortion in this scenario,听听that mandate minors involve their parents before they can get an abortion.

There are also laws that limit听听and create bans on abortion after a certain point in pregnancy, as well as health听听that won鈥檛 pay for one.

Colorado, for example,听. But Colorado still has a听, a ban on听for an abortion, and does not require private insurers to cover abortion.

In March, California听听that eliminates out-of-pocket abortion costs for anyone with health insurance. But California still听听after fetal viability.

听shows that abortion restrictions like these policies can harm people who need abortions听听and sometimes even听听them from getting one.

Parental involvement

In 11 of the states that are unlikely to ban abortion, teenagers under the age of 18 are听听that require them to notify or obtain consent from one or both parents before getting an abortion.

Most teenagers talk to their parents about听, but those who don鈥檛 often feel they cannot for important reasons. They often听听to their pregnancy and abortion, and can face physical or emotional abuse.

Some proponents believe parental involvement laws could lead to better care for a pregnant teen. But research shows that forcing young people to involve a parent generally听, but instead puts teenagers at risk of harm.

States with parental involvement laws, including Colorado, Delaware and Maryland, allow young people who cannot involve a parent to go to court to request a judicial bypass from a judge.

Yet these judicial bypasses听. Judges also sometimes听听exemptions. In Texas, for example, judges denied听.

It can also be听听for young people who are pregnant to go before a judge to field personal questions about sex, contraception and their family lives.

Limits on abortion timing

Eighteen of the 25 states that are not expected to ban abortion now听, typically in the second or third trimester.

There are听听to these regulations if the life or health of the pregnant person is endangered.

Bans like these can听听even if they do not want to, or if there is a medical concern that arises late in pregnancy, such as diagnosed fetal abnormalities.

Women who are denied abortion听听than women who received desired abortions to suffer economically, stay with abusive partners and experience health problems during and after their pregnancies.

Some liberal states with policies like these in place, including California, Washington, Illinois and New York, are likely to experience an influx of people seeking an abortion if they no longer can get one in their home state.

These people will have had to听, travel and wait for appointments because of increased demand. These factors can lead to needing an abortion听, and ultimately becoming ineligible to get an abortion.

Insurance limits

Paying out of pocket for an abortion, without health insurance coverage, can听听in the first trimester, with costs rising as a pregnancy advances. A 2021 survey found that most people in the U.S.听.

But 18 of the 25 states that are not expected to ban abortion if Roe v. Wade is overturned require people who need abortions to pay out of pocket for the procedure.

These states either allow private health insurance providers to exclude abortion from their covered services, or the states do not pay for abortion through Medicaid.

Paying out of pocket for an abortion can also lead people听听getting one. These costs听听and sometimes听听people from getting abortions.

Workforce limitations

Abortion providers in states surrounding Texas haven鈥檛 been able to keep up with demand as听听seek abortion services out of state.

This offers a preview of what is likely to occur in states where abortion remains legal once residents of the 25 states expected to ban abortion are forced to travel for care. In short, demand will outstrip supply.

There are eight states that are not expected to ban abortion but only allow physicians to provide all or some types of abortion. They may have difficulty meeting this expected increased demand if they do not allow nurse practitioners or midwives, for example, to also provide care.

Research has shown that these health providers are also trained to provide abortions and听.

听to the pool of providers trained to provide abortions could be key in ensuring that there are enough health providers to meet the potential rising demand for abortions.

States that want to be havens for people who need abortions should critically consider their existing policies in light of their real-life impacts.

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